What Steel Does Victorinox Use

Multi-tool pocketknife manufactured by Victorinox

Victorinox "Huntsman" Swiss Army knife, with pocketknife concatenation and chugalug clip

Wenger Swiss Army pocketknife. Since 2013, the knives of Wenger are integrated in Victorinox.

The Swiss Army knife is a multi-tool pocketknife manufactured by Victorinox.^[1] The term "Swiss Army knife" was coined by American soldiers later World War Two later they had trouble pronouncing the German word " Offiziersmesser ", pregnant "officer's pocketknife".^[2]

The Swiss Regular army knife generally has a principal spearpoint bract plus other blades and tools such every bit screwdrivers, a can opener, a saw blade, a pair of pair of scissors, and many others. These are stowed inside the handle of the pocketknife through a pivot bespeak machinery. The handle is traditionally a scarlet color, with either a Victorinox or Wenger "cantankerous" logo or, for Swiss war machine outcome knives, the coat of arms of Switzerland. Other colors, textures, and shapes have appeared over the years.

Originating in Ibach, Switzerland, the Swiss Army knife was outset produced in 1891 when the Karl Elsener visitor, which later became Victorinox, won the contract to produce the Swiss Ground forces's Modell 1890 knife from the previous German language manufacturer. In 1893, the Swiss cutlery visitor Paul Boéchat & Cie, which later became Wenger SA, received its first contract from the Swiss military to produce model 1890 knives; the two companies dissever the contract for provision of the knives from 1908 until Victorinox acquired Wenger in 2005. A cultural icon of Switzerland, both the design of the knife and its versatility accept worldwide recognition.^[3] The term "Swiss Ground forces knife" has acquired usage as a figure of speech indicating farthermost utility applicable to more or less any scenario at hand.

History [edit]

Origins [edit]

The Swiss Army Pocketknife was not the first multi-use pocket knife. In 1851, in Moby-Dick (chapter 107), Herman Melville mentions the "Sheffield contrivances, assuming the exterior – though a little swelled – of a mutual pocket pocketknife; but containing, not only blades of various sizes, but also screw-drivers, cork-screws, tweezers, awls, pens, rulers, nail-filers and countersinkers."

Modell 1890, the offset Swiss soldier knife produced past Wester & Co. Solingen

During the late 1880s, the Swiss Ground forces decided to purchase a new folding pocket pocketknife for their soldiers. This knife was to be suitable for use by the ground forces in opening canned food and for maintenance of the Swiss service rifle, the Schmidt–Rubin, which required a screwdriver for associates and disassembly.

In Jan 1891, the knife received the official designation Modell 1890. The knife had a blade, reamer, can opener, screwdriver, and grips fabricated out of night oak wood that some say was later partly replaced with ebony woods. At that time no Swiss company had the necessary production capacity, so the initial society for 15,000 knives was placed with the German language knife manufacturer Wester & Co. from Solingen, Germany. These knives were delivered in October 1891.

In 1891, Karl Elsener, then owner of a company that made surgical equipment, set out to manufacture the knives in Switzerland itself. At the stop of 1891 Elsener began production of the Modell 1890 knives, in direct competition with the Solingen company. He incurred financial losses doing and then, as Wester & Co was able to produce the knives at a lower cost. Elsener was on the verge of bankruptcy when, in 1896, he developed an improved knife, intended for the utilise by officers, with tools attached on both sides of the handle using a special spring machinery, allowing him to apply the same bound to concord them in place.^[4] This new knife was patented on 12 June 1897, with a 2d, smaller cutting blade, a corkscrew, and woods fibre grips, nether the name of Schweizer Offiziers- und Sportmesser ("Swiss officeholder'due south and sports knife"). While the Swiss military did non committee the knife, it was successfully marketed internationally, restoring Elsener'south company to prosperity.^[5]

Elsener used the Swiss glaze of artillery to identify his knives beginning in 1909. With slight modifications, this is still the company logo. Also in 1909, on the decease of his mother, Elsener named his company "Victoria", after her given name, in her honour.

In 1893 the second industrial cutler of Switzerland, Paul Boéchat & Cie, headquartered in Delémont in the French-speaking region of Jura, started selling a similar product. Its general manager, Théodore Wenger, acquired the visitor and renamed information technology the Wenger Company.

Victorinox and Wenger [edit]

In 1908 the Swiss authorities split the contract between Victorinox and Wenger, placing one-half the orders with each.^{[ citation needed ]} ^{[ dubious – discuss ]} By mutual agreement,^{[ year needed ]} Wenger advertised "the 18-carat Swiss Army Knife" and Victorinox used the slogan, "the Original Swiss Ground forces Pocketknife".

Elsener's son Carl renamed the company in 1921 to "Victorinox", incorporating the abbreviation "inox" for acier inoxydable, the French term for stainless steel which they started to apply that year.^[six]

During 1961–2005, the pocket knives issued to the Swiss military were produced exclusively by Victorinox and Wenger.

On 26 April 2005, Victorinox acquired Wenger, in one case over again condign the sole supplier of knives to the Military of Switzerland. Victorinox at showtime kept the Wenger brand intact, but on 30 January 2013, the company announced that the Wenger make of knives would be abandoned in favour of Victorinox. The printing release stated that Wenger's factory in Delémont would continue to produce knives and all employees at this site will retain their jobs. They further elaborated that an assortment of items from the Wenger line-up volition remain in product nether the Victorinox make name. Wenger's U.s. headquarters will be merged with Victorinox's location in Monroe, Connecticut. Wenger's watch and licensing concern volition continue as a separate brand: SwissGear.^[7]

Upwardly until 2008 Victorinox AG and Wenger SA supplied about 50,000 knives to the military machine of Switzerland each year, and manufactured many more than for export, by and large to the United States. Commercial knives can be distinguished past their cross logos; the Victorinox cross logo is surrounded past a shield while the Wenger cantankerous logo is surrounded past a slightly rounded foursquare.

Victorinox registered the words "Swiss Army" and "Swiss Armed services" as a trademark in the US^{[ year needed ]} ^[eight] and was sued at Bern cantonal commercial court by the Swiss Confederacy (represented by Armasuisse, the authority representing the actual Swiss military), in October 2018.^[nine] Subsequently an initial hearing Victorinox agreed to sacrifice the registration in the U.s.a. of the term "Swiss armed services" to Armasuisse in render for an exclusive licence to market perfumes under the same name.^[10]

Features, tools, and parts [edit]

Tools and components [edit]

The Victorinox Swisschamp consists of 8 layers with 33 functions and weighs 185g.

Victorinox Swisschamp XAVT

There are various models of the Swiss Army knife with different tool combinations. Though Victorinox doesn't provide custom knives, they take produced many variations to suit private users.^[11]

Main tools:

Big bract, imprinted on the blade shank of Victorinox models with "VICTORINOX SWISS Made" to verify the knife's authenticity.
Small blade
Blast file / boom cleaner
Nail file / boom cleaner / metal file / metal saw
Wood saw
Fish scaler / hook disgorger / ruler in cm and inches
Pair of scissors
Electrician's blade / wire scraper
Pruning blade
Pharmaceutical spatula (cuticle pusher)
Cyber Tool (bit driver)
Pliers / wire cutter / wire curling
LED light
USB wink drive
Magnifying lens
Phillips screwdriver
Hoof cleaner
Shackle opener / marlinspike
Can opener / 3 mm slotted screwdriver
Cap opener / 6 mm slotted screwdriver / wire stripper
Combination tool containing cap opener / can opener / 5 mm slotted screwdriver / wire stripper

Smaller tools:

Keyring
Reamer
Multipurpose claw
2mm slotted screwdriver
Chisel
Corkscrew or Phillips commuter
Mini screwdriver (designed to fit within the corkscrew)

Scale tools:

Tweezers
Toothpick
Pressurized ballpoint pen (with a retractable version on smaller models, and can be used to ready DIP switches)
Stainless pin
Digital clock / alert / timer / altimeter / thermometer / barometer

Three Victorinox SAK models had a butane lighter: the Swissflame, Campflame, and Swisschamp XXLT, first introduced in 2002 and so discontinued in 2005. The models were never sold in the Usa due to lack of condom features. They used a standard piezoelectric ignition system for piece of cake and quick ignition with adaptable flame, and were designed for performance at altitudes upwardly to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) above body of water level and continuous performance of 10 minutes.^[12]

In Jan 2010, Victorinox announced the Presentation Master models, released in April 2010. The technological tools included a laser arrow, and detachable flash drive with fingerprint reader. Victorinox now sells an updated version called the Slim Jetsetter, with "a premium software package that provides ultra secure data encryption, automatic backup functionality, secure web surfing capabilities, file and email synchronization between the drive and multiple computers, Bluetooth pairing and much more. On the hardware side of things, biometric fingerprint technology, laser pointers, LED lights, Bluetooth remote command and of class, the original Swiss Army Pocketknife implements – bract, scissors, nail file, screwdriver, key band and ballpoint pen are standard. **Non every feature is bachelor on every model within the collection."^[thirteen]

In 2006, Wenger produced a knife called "The Behemothic" that included every implement the company always made, with 87 tools and 141 unlike functions. Information technology was recognized past Guinness World Records as the world's nearly multifunctional penknife.^[14] It retails for about €798 or $US1000, though some vendors charge much higher prices.

In the same year, Victorinox released the SwissChamp XAVT, consisting of 118 parts and fourscore functions with a retail cost of $425.^[15] The Guinness Book of Records recognizes a unique 314-bract Swiss Ground forces-mode knife made in 1991 by Principal Cutler Hans Meister as the earth's largest penknife, weighing 11 pounds (5.0 kg).^[3]

Locking mechanisms [edit]

Dual liner lock arrangement every bit used in the Soldatenmesser 08 and various other Victorinox 111 mm models

Some Swiss Army knives accept locking blades to prevent adventitious closure. Wenger was the first to offer a "PackLock" for the main blade on several of their standard 85mm models. Several big Wenger and Victorinox models take a locking bract secured by a slide lock that is operated with an unlocking-button integrated in the scales. Some Victorinox 111 mm series knives have a double liner lock that secures the cut blade and big slotted screwdriver/cap opener/wire stripper combination tool designed towards prying.^[16]

Blueprint and materials [edit]

Rivets and flanged bushings made from brass agree all machined steel parts and other tools, separators and the scales together. The rivets are made past cutting and pointing appropriately sized bars of solid contumely.

The separators between the tools have been fabricated from aluminium alloy since 1951. This makes the knives lighter. Previously these separating layers were made of nickel-silver.^[17]

The martensitic stainless steel alloy used for the cutting blades is optimized for high toughness and corrosion resistance and has a composition of 15% chromium, 0.60% silicon, 0.52% carbon, 0.50% molybdenum, and 0.45% manganese and is designated X55CrMo14 or DIN i.4110 according to Victorinox.^[18] After a hardening process at 1040 °C and annealing at 160 °C the blades achieve an boilerplate hardness of 56 HRC. This steel hardness is suitable for practical employ and easy resharpening, but less than achieved in stainless steel alloys used for blades optimized for high vesture resistance. Co-ordinate to Victorinox the martensitic stainless steel alloy used for the other parts is X39Cr13 (aka DIN 1.4031, AISI/ASTM 420) and for the springs X20Cr13 (aka DIN i.4021, but still within AISI/ASTM 420).^[19] ^[20]

The steel used for the wood saws, scissors and nail files has a steel hardness of HRC 53, the screwdrivers, tin openers and awls accept a hardness of HRC 52, and the corkscrew and springs have a hardness of HRC 49.^[19] ^{[ commendation needed ]}

The metallic saws and files, in addition to the special instance hardening, are too subjected to a hard chromium plating process so that iron and steel can as well be filed and cut.^[17] ^[21]

Various sized and scaled models produced by Wenger

Although red Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB) (more often than not known trade names are Cellidor, Tenite and Tenex) scaled Swiss Army knives are near mutual, there are many colors and culling materials similar more resilient nylon and aluminum for the scales available.^[22] ^[23] Many textures, colors and shapes now appear in the Swiss Army Knife. Since 2006 the scales on some knife models can have textured rubber non-sideslip inlays incorporated, intended for sufficient grip with moist or moisture hands. The safety likewise provides some impact protection for such edged scales. Modifications have been made, including professionally produced custom models combining novel materials, colors, finishes ^[24] and occasionally new tools such as firesteels ^[25] or tool 'blades' mounting replaceable surgical scalpel blades^[26] to replacement of standard scales (handles) with new versions in natural materials such as buffalo horn.^[27] In improver to 'express edition' productions runs, numerous examples from basic to professional-level customizations of standard knives—such as retrofitting pocket clips, one-off scales created using 3D printing techniques, decoration using anodization and new calibration materials—tin be found by searching for "SAK mods".^{[ citation needed ]}

Assembly [edit]

During assembly, all components are placed on several contumely rivets. The starting time components are by and large an aluminium separator and a apartment steel bound. In one case a layer of tools is installed, another separator and spring are placed for the next layer of tools. This process is repeated until all the desired tool layers and the finishing separator are installed. Once the knife is congenital, the metal parts are fastened by adding brass flanged bushings to the rivets. The excess length of the rivets is and so cut off to brand them flush with the bushings. Finally, the remaining length of the rivets is flattened into the flanged bushings.

After the assembly of the metal parts, the blades on smaller knives are sharpened to a 15° bending, resulting in a thirty° V-shaped steel cutting border. From 91 mm (iii.6 in) sized knives the blades are sharpened to a 20° angle, resulting in a forty° 5-shaped steel cut edge. Chisel ground blades are sharpened to a 25° angle, resulting in a 25° asymmetric-shaped steel cut edge were only ane side is footing and the other is deburred and remains flat. The blades are then checked with a laser reflecting goniometer to verify the bending of the cutting edges.

Finally, scales are applied. Slightly undersized holes incorporated into the inner surface enclose the bushings, which have truncated cone cantankerous-department and are slightly undercut, forming a ane-way interference fit when pressed into the mostly softer and more elastic scale material. The event is a tight adhesive-free connection that nonetheless permits new identical-pattern scales to be quickly and easily practical.^[28]

Sizes [edit]

Victorinox models are available in 58 mm (ii.3 in), 74 mm (2.ix in), 84 mm (3.iii in), 91 mm (3.6 in), 93 mm (iii.7 in), 100 mm (3.9 in), 108 mm (four.3 in) and 111 mm (4.iv in) lengths when closed. The thickness of the knives varies depending on the number of tool layers included. The 91 mm (3.6 in) models offering the virtually diversity in tool configurations in the Victorinox model line with as many equally 15 layers.^[29]

Wenger models are available in 65 mm (two.6 in), 75 mm (3.0 in), 85 mm (3.3 in) 93 mm (3.seven in), 100 mm (three.9 in), 120 mm (iv.7 in) and 130 mm (5.ane in) lengths when airtight. Thickness varies depending on the number of tool layers included. The 85 mm (3.3 in) models offering the most variety in tool configurations in the Wenger model line, with as many as 10 layers.^[xxx]

Knives issued past the Swiss Military [edit]

Since the kickoff issue as personal equipment in 1891 the Soldatenmesser (Soldier Knives) issued by the Swiss Armed Forces have been revised several times. There are v different master Modelle (models). Their model numbers refer to the year of introduction in the military supply concatenation. Several chief models have been revised over time and therefore exist in different Ausführungen (executions), as well denoted by the twelvemonth of introduction. The issued models of the Swiss Military are:^[31]

Modell 1890
- Modell 1890 Ausführung 1901
Modell 1908
Modell 1951
- Modell 1951 Ausführung 1954
- Modell 1951 Ausführung 1957
Modell 1961
- Modell 1961 Ausführung 1965
- Modell 1961 Ausführung 1978
- Modell 1961 Ausführung 1994
Soldatenmesser 08 (Soldier Knife 08)

Soldier Knives are issued to every recruit or member of the Swiss Military and the knives issued to officers take never differed from those issued to non-deputed officers and privates.^[32] A model incorporating a corkscrew and scissors was produced as an officer'southward tool, only was deemed not "essential for survival", leaving officers to purchase it individually.^[iii]

Soldier knife model 1890 [edit]

The Soldier Knife model 1890 had a spear point blade, reamer, can-opener, screwdriver and grips made out of oak wood scales (handles) that were treated with rapeseed oil for greater toughness and water-repellency, which fabricated them black in colour. The wooden grips of the Modell 1890 tended to crack and chip then in 1901 these were changed to a hard red-brownish fiber like in appearance to wood. The knife was 100 mm (3.9 in) long, twenty.5 mm (0.81 in) thick and weighed 144 thou (5.ane oz).^[33]

Soldier knife model 1908 [edit]

Modell 1908, issued from 1908 to 1951^[33]

The Soldier Knife model 1908 had a clip point blade rather than the 1890s spear signal blade, still with the fiber scales, carbon steel tools, nickel-silvery bolster, liners, and divider. The knife was 100 mm (three.9 in) long, 16.five mm (0.65 in) thick and weighed 125 thou (4.4 oz). The contract with the Swiss Army split production equally between the Victorinox and Wenger companies.^[33]

Soldier pocketknife model 1951 [edit]

Modell 1951, issued from 1951 to 1961^[33]

The soldier Knife model 1951 had fiber scales, nickel-silver bolsters, liners, and divider, and a spear signal blade. This was the first Swiss Armed Forces consequence model where the tools were fabricated of stainless steel. The screwdriver now had a scraper arc on i border. The knife was 93 mm (iii.7 in) long, xiii.5 mm (0.53 in) thick and weighed 90 one thousand (3.2 oz).^[34]

Soldier knife model 1961 [edit]

Modell 1961 Ausführung 1994, issued from 1994 to 2008

The Soldier Pocketknife model 1961 has a 93 mm (3.7 in) long knurled alox handle with the Swiss crest, a drop point blade, a reamer, a blade combining bottle opener, screwdriver, and wire stripper, and a combined can-opener and small screwdriver. The pocketknife was 12 mm (0.47 in) thick and weighed 72 g (ii.5 oz)

The 1961 model likewise contains a brass spacer, which allows the pocketknife, with the screwdriver and the reamer extended simultaneously, to be used to assemble the SIG 550 and SIG 510 assault rifles: the knife serves every bit a restraint to the firing pin during associates of the lock. The Soldier Pocketknife model 1961 was manufactured only past Victorinox and Wenger and was the first issued knife bearing the Swiss Coat of Arms on the handle.

Soldier knife 08 [edit]

Soldatenmesser 08, the knife issued to the Swiss Armed Forces since 2008

In 2007 the Swiss Government made a asking for new updated soldier knives for the Swiss military for distribution in tardily 2008. The evaluation phase of the new soldier knife began in February 2008, when Armasuisse issued an invitation to tender. A total of vii suppliers from Switzerland and other countries were invited to participate in the evaluation process. Functional models submitted by suppliers underwent practical testing by military personnel in July 2008, while laboratory tests were used to assess compliance with technical requirements. A toll-benefit analysis was conducted and the model with the best price/functioning ratio was awarded the contract. The order for 75,000 soldier knives plus cases was worth CHF 1.38 million. This equates to a purchase cost of CHF 18.40, €12.12, GB£11.13 in October 2009 per pocketknife plus example.

Victorinox won the contest with a knife based on the I-Hand German Ground forces Pocketknife as issued past the High german Bundeswehr and released in the civilian model lineup with the add-on of a toothpick and tweezers stored in the nylon grip scales (side encompass plates) as the One-Hand Trekker/Trailmaster model. Mass production of the new Soldatenmesser 08 (Soldier Pocketknife 08) for the Swiss Armed Forces was started in December 2008,^[35] and outset issued to the Swiss Armed Forces beginning with the outset basic training sessions of 2009.^[36]

The Soldier Pocketknife 08 has an 111 mm (iv.4 in) long ergonomic dual density handle with TPU rubbery thermoplastic elastomer non-slip inlays incorporated in the green Polyamide vi grip shells and a double liner locking system, one-hand 86 mm (3.4 in) long locking partly wavy serrated chisel ground (optimized for right-handed use) drop point bract, wood saw, can opener with small 3 mm (0.12 in) slotted screwdriver, locking bottle opener with large vii mm (0.28 in) slotted screwdriver and wire stripper/bough, reamer, Phillips (PH2) screwdriver and 12 mm (0.47 in) bore split keyring. The Soldier Knife 08 width is 34.5 mm (ane.36 in), thickness is 18 mm (0.71 in), overall length opened is 197 mm (7.8 in) and information technology weighs 131 g (4.half dozen oz). The Soldier Knife 08 is manufactured only by Victorinox.

Knives issued by other militaries [edit]

The military of more than 20 unlike nations accept issued or approved the use of diverse versions of Swiss army knives made past Victorinox, amongst them the forces of Germany, France, kingdom of the netherlands, Kingdom of norway, Malaysia and the United States (NSN 1095-01-653-1166 Knife, Gainsay).^[37] ^[38]

I-Hand German Ground forces Knife, 2003

Space programme [edit]

The Swiss Army knife has been present in space missions carried out past NASA since the late 1970s. In 1978, NASA sent a letter of the alphabet of confirmation to Victorinox regarding a buy of l knives known every bit the Master Craftsman model. In 1985, Edward M. Payton, blood brother of astronaut Gary E. Payton, sent a letter of the alphabet to Victorinox, asking well-nigh getting a Principal Craftsman pocketknife after seeing the one his brother used in space. In that location are other stories of repairs conducted in space using a Swiss Army pocketknife.^[39]

Cultural impact [edit]

The Swiss Army knife has been added to the drove of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and Munich's State Museum of Applied Art for its blueprint. The term "Swiss Army" currently is a registered trademark owned by Victorinox AG and its subsidiary, Wenger SA.^[8]

In both the original television series MacGyver as well every bit its 2016 reboot, character Angus MacGyver oft uses dissimilar Swiss Regular army knives in various episodes to solve problems and construct simple objects.

The term "Swiss Army knife" has entered popular civilisation as a metaphor for usefulness and adjustability.^[forty] The multi-purpose nature of the tool has too inspired a number of other gadgets.^[41]

A particularly big Wenger knife model, Wenger 16999, has inspired a large number of humorous reviews on Amazon.^[42]

When U.South. District Court for the Southern District of California Roger Benitez overturned California's 30-year-onetime ban on assault weapons in Miller v. Bonta, he compared the Swiss Ground forces knife to the AR-15 burglarize in the first sentence of his opinion, "Like the Swiss Army Knife, the popular AR-xv rifle is a perfect combination of home defense weapon and homeland defence force equipment."^[43] In response, California Governor Gavin Newsom wrote that the comparison "completely undermines the credibility of this decision".^[44]

Come across likewise [edit]

Gerber multitool
Leatherman
Pocketknife
Swiss Army Human, a 2016 film that uses absurdist humor to manipulate a man's corpse similar a multi-tool

References [edit]

^ French: couteau suisse: "Swiss pocketknife", German: Schweizer Offiziersmesser: "Swiss officer's knife", Swiss Standard German: Sackmesser: "Pocket pocketknife", Italian: Coltellino svizzero: "Swiss pocket knife"
^ "Victorinox Swiss Army Knives Info". Victorinox. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c Foulkes, Imogen (30 July 2009). "From humble tool to global icon". BBC News . Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ "Newtons Newton's Newton Swiss Switzerland Vaud French French republic Beaujolais Blace Gonnu 69460". Newtons.ch. Retrieved ane November 2011.
^ "Officer'due south and Sports Knife" SAKWiki
^ Moureau, Magdeleine; Brace, Gerald (1993). Dictionnaire Des Sciences Et Techniques Du Pétrole: Anglais-français. p. 427. ISBN978-2710806486. "Victorinox official company history". Retrieved ten December 2007.
^ "Victorinox joins forces and integrates Wenger pocketknife business concern" (PDF). wengerna.com. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Victorinox Trademark Protection". Retrieved 2 December 2018.
^ Maurizio Minetti, Der Bund gegen Victorinox vor Gericht: Streit um «Swiss War machine» Luzerner Zeitung, 18 October 2018.
^ "Victorinox and Swiss government reach deal on utilise 'Swiss war machine'". SWI. Swiss Dissemination Corporation. 19 October 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
^ "Victorinox Swiss Ground forces". www.swissarmy.com . Retrieved 10 May 2015.
^ "SAKWiki | Butane Lighter". www.sakwiki.com . Retrieved 10 May 2015.
^ "FAQ Electronics". Victorinox Swiss Army. Retrieved one Feb 2015.
^ "Now That's a Knife: Swiss Regular army Pocketknife Sets Tape for Tools". Fox News. 23 November 2007.
^ "MultiTools — SwissChamp XAVT". Victorinox Swiss Ground forces. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ "Locking Systems" SAKWiki.com
^ ^a ^b "Victorinox Swiss Army Knives Info Steelinfo". Pizzini.at. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ "Product presentation of a knife" Victorinox.
^ ^a ^b "victorinox steel material explained.. – Swiss Ground forces Knights Forum – Multitool.org". forum.multitool.org . Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^ "Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties Second Edition 2007" (PDF). Euro Inox. 2007. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ "Swiss Ground forces Knife FAQ's at the Secret Social club of Swiss Army Knives website". Archived from the original on sixteen July 2011. Retrieved 31 Oct 2011.
^ "Expandable polymers of cellulose acetate butyrate". google.com . Retrieved xix March 2018.
^ "Cellídor resins". Albis.com. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ "Home". www.swissbianco.com . Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^ "SAKWiki – Victorinox Farmer". SAKWiki . Retrieved nineteen March 2018.
^ Lessard, Robert. "SAKModder". sakmodder.com . Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^ Victorinox_Evolution_of_the_Swiss_Champ.pdf
^ [1] Archived June fifteen, 2011, at the Wayback Car
^ "Victorinox Knife List" SAKWiki.com
^ "Wenger Knife List" SAKWiki.com
^ "Schweizer Soldatenmesser 1890–2007 exhibition Schloss Thun — Schweiz (German)". Messerforum.net. Retrieved 31 Oct 2011.
^ McPhee, John (31 October 1983). "La Place de la Concorde Suisse-I". The New Yorker. p. fifty. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Swiss Army Knife Owner's Manual, published September 7, 2011
^ Original Schweizer Soldatenmesser VICTORINOX - Modell 1951 ohne Ausgabe-Jahr
^ "Victorinox wins contract for new army knife". swissinfo.ch . Retrieved nineteen March 2018.
^ "Neues Soldatenmesser 08 an die Armee übergeben", March ten, 2009
^ Subramanian, Samanth (16 February 2010): "The Swiss Ground forces Knife returns to the battlefield". Retrieved 27 July 2012.
^ (in French) "Les couteaux Victorinox proposés au catalogue de l'armée américaine", Radio télévision suisse, ten July 2017 (page visited on 10 July 2017).
^ "Victorinox stories, Repairs in space".
^ "Victorinox AG — Company History". Fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ "Swiss Ground forces Knife Launches the Age of the Multitool". Wired. 12 June 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ "Amazon.com: Customer Questions & Answers". Amazon.
^ Miller 5. Bonta , ECF No. 115 (S.D. Cal. four June 2021).
^ Ives, Mike (5 June 2021). "Federal Judge Overturns California's 32-Year Assault Weapons Ban". New York Times . Retrieved 5 June 2021.

External links [edit]

Victorinox manufacturer's website
SAKWiki